European Public Prosecutor's Office

Update time 2021-05-31 12:00

Mission and tasks

The European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) is the new independent public prosecution office of the European Union. It is responsible for investigating, prosecuting and bringing to judgment crimes against the financial interests of the EU. These include several types of fraud, VAT fraud with damages above 10 million euro, money laundering, corruption, etc.

The EPPO undertakes investigations, carries out acts of prosecution and exercises the functions of prosecutor in the competent courts of the participating Member States, until the case has been finally disposed of. Up until now, only national authorities could investigate and prosecute these crimes, but their powers stopped at the borders of their country. Organisations like Eurojust, OLAF and Europol do not have the necessary powers to carry out such criminal investigations and prosecutions.

It is very difficult to assess the initial workload of our operational team, but a survey of all participating EU Member States shows that the EPPO will start with at least 3,000 cases. This number is likely to increase once the operational phase has started.

The mandate of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office is defined in a Council Regulation that entered into force on 31 October 2017.

What are the financial interests of the EU?

All revenues, expenditures and assets covered by, acquired through, or due to the European Union budget and the budgets of the institutions, bodies, offices and agencies established under the Treaties, and budgets managed and monitored by them.

Which crimes are involved?

As of 6 July 2019, participating Member States need to have the ‘PIF Directive’ adopted into their national legislations.

This directive of the Council and the Parliament covers the fight against fraud to the European Union’s financial interests by means of criminal law, and increases the level of protection of the EU budget by harmonising the definitions, sanctions and limitation periods of criminal offences affecting the EU’s financial interests.

It also defines which crimes are within the mandate of the EPPO:

Cross-border VAT fraud involving total damages of at least EUR 10,000,000
Other types of fraud affecting the EU’s financial interests
Corruption that damages, or is likely to damage, the EU’s financial interests
Misappropriation of EU funds or assets by a public official
Money laundering and organised crime, as well as other offences inextricably linked to one of the previous categories

For example: If a civil servant takes a bribe in relation to an EU-funded project and conceals it by buying a house, the EPPO can investigate both the passive corruption and the subsequent money laundering.

Legal framework

The Council Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 of 12 October 2017, implementing enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, sets the basis for the functioning of the EPPO. It is available here in all EU languages.

‘PIF’ Directive (EU) 2017/1371 of the European Parliament and of the European Council of 5 July 2017, on the fight against fraud to the Union's financial interests by means of criminal law, defines which crimes are considered crimes affecting the EU budget.

Our partners

The European Public Prosecutor’s office will work hand-in-hand with other EU bodies and institutions in its activities. Detailed working arrangements will be established with, among others: